What are electromechanical actuators?

Electromechanical actuators are devices used to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion. This conversion takes place through the use of electric motors that can be controlled with extreme precision. Unlike traditional actuators, such as pneumatic or hydraulic actuators, electromechanical actuators do not require fluids to operate and are generally easier to maintain, cleaner, and more suitable for environments where contamination is a concern. They also offer better energy efficiency and control capabilities.

At the heart of electromechanical actuators is a motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. This motor, usually a permanent magnet synchronous motor or brushless motor, is controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU) that adjusts the speed and position of the motor based on commands received from the control system.

The transformation of motor motion into linear or rotary motion (depending on the type of actuator) is accomplished by a transmission mechanism, usually a gearbox and worm gear mechanism, such as a ball screw or planetary roller screw. These mechanisms offer high precision, low backlash and the ability to withstand high loads, which are essential features for aviation applications.

The system is complemented by sensors that provide real-time feedback on the actual position and speed of the actuator, allowing the ECU to finely modulate the power sent to the motor to ensure maximum accuracy and dynamic response.

Electromechanical actuators are mainly divided into two types:

• Electromechanical linear actuators: this solution transforms the rotary motion of the motor into linear motion through a mechanical drive mechanism, typically a ball screw or planetary roller screw. This type of actuator is ideal for applications requiring precise, controlled motion; in the aerospace field they are used to control flaps, slats or other components that require defined displacement. Motion conversion is achieved by the coupling between the motor and the screw mechanism, which transforms the rotation of the motor into linear motion along an axis.
• Electromechanical rotary actuators: these solutions maintain the rotary motion of the motor and transfer it to other moving parts. These actuators, in aerospace, are used to control surfaces that require rotation, such as ailerons or rudder. The main advantage of this type of actuator is their ability to provide high torques and efficient power management through configurations that can include planetary, cycloidal or harmonic gears to reduce speed and increase output torque.

Electromechanical actuators are versatile devices with a wide range of applications in various fields, such as the automation and industrial sectors. 

These solutions are also becoming critical in aerospace as a crucial element in the process of aircraft electrification. They will go into the control of primary and secondary control surfaces, landing gear, brakes, and even into engine control functions such as the actuation of thrust reversers.

In this context, we at UMBRAGROUP are an international benchmark in the production of electromechanical actuators, serving both the commercial and defense sectors. Our expertise and innovative capacity allow us to provide highly specialized solutions that meet the needs of an extremely demanding and constantly evolving market. Actuators manufactured by UMBRAGROUP are designed for optimum performance and uncompromising reliability, thus supporting the high standards of safety and efficiency required in the aerospace industry.

In conclusion, electromechanical actuators are a vital component in modern mechatronic systems, converting electrical energy into physical motion with precision and reliability. These devices are critical in a wide range of industries, but they assume particular importance in aerospace, where they regulate systems critical to flight and aircraft safety.

If you are interested in finding out how UMBRAGROUP's solutions can meet your needs in the field of electromechanical actuators, contact us today for a personalized consultation!